#Net radar error chart plus

about 14.5В m, for air traffic control air surveillance radar, which corresponds to a time interval of almost 10В nanoseconds. Practically, the accuracy depends on the size of the individual Measurement results between the cycles are not possible and generate a systematic measurement error. The accuracy of this measurement depends on the magnitude of the clock frequency for this time measurement. The run time is generally measured from the rising edge of the transmit pulse to the rising edge of the echo signal. The slope of the pulse edge also depends on the bandwidth.ДЇor a signal-to-noise ratio of considerably higher than 1, the following relationship exists between theseДЇrom this, it can be seen that the maximum achievable accuracy in range determination must be considerably better than the range resolution. The size of the noise itself also depends on the bandwidth.

Or better: the size of the noise in relation to the impulse. Mathematical ContextДЄs shown in Figure 1, the accuracy of the distance measurement depends essentially on the Then this random error can be reduced mathematically by simultaneous evaluation of the front and rear edges of the pulse. If the duration of the pulse is known (which cannot be the case with primary radar but with The difference is the random measurement error caused by the This voltage exceeds the threshold value at an earlier time than the clean pulse. Only a voltage can be measured, which is formed by the sum of the instantaneous voltage of the pulse and the noise However, this pulse is superimposed with the noise level (green). The time is measured at a point determined by a threshold value, usually at 0.707 of the maximum voltage. This pulse cannot become quite rectangular because this would require an infinite bandwidth. The solid line (magenta) shows an almost ideal trapezoidal impulse with quite steep edges. This shifts the pulse edge and causes a measurement error in the run-time measurement.ДЇigure 1 shows the influence of noise on the detectable edge of the echo pulse. The pulse is also displayed larger than it is in reality.

#Net radar error chart plus

Since the pulse is always superimposed with noise during measurement and the pulse plus the noise is measured as amplitude, When the rising edge of the echo signal is distorted by noise. The theoretical maximum accuracy with which a distance can be measured depends on the accuracy of the runtime measurement.

Interval required, taking into account siting and exposure.ДЇigure 1: Falsification of the pulse edge due to superimposition of noise Accuracy in range determination The variable to be measured/observed over the representative time, area and/or volume The true value is that value which, under operational conditions, characterizes perfectly In the reported values will have a mean value (or bias) close to zero.ДЄny residual bias should be small compared with the stated accuracy requirement. The assumption that all known correction is taken into account implies that the errors To 2 standard deviations of the mean for a normal (Gaussian) distribution of the variable. The recommended probability level is 95 percent, which corresponds Respect to the true value and indicates the interval in which the true value lies with a stated The stated value of required accuracy represents the uncertainty of the reported value with To another (by neglecting all possible errors). Relative: The accuracy which a user can determine one position relative.Repeatable: The accuracy in which a user can return to a position whoseД¬oordinates have been measured at a previous time with the same navigation system.

Predictable: The accuracy of a position in relation to the geographic.

Radio navigation performance accuracy is usually presented as a statistical measure of system error The velocity of a platform at a given time and its true position or velocity. Accuracy is the degree of conformance between the estimated or measured position and/or